"Commonly referred to as GRASS, this is free Geographic Information System (GIS) software used for geospatial data management and analysis, image processing, graphics/maps production, spatial modeling, and visualization. GRASS is currently used in academic and commercial settings around the world, as well as by many governmental agencies and environmental consulting companies. GRASS is an official project of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation."
Also, they are apart of the Google Summer of Code.....
A collection of tools and links to open source geo-stuff. Comes with helpful descriptions. *Beware of some faulty or broken links. If you encounter this problem, usually "google"-ing the link will bring you to the correct site.*