USDA's natural resources geodata repository.
"The Geospatial Data Gateway or Geo-Data Gateway provides easy and consistent access to natural resource data."
NOAA is one of the biggest contributors to the government geodata world. Here is an example of interesting finds you can research through satellite data. Cloral bleaching is a problem in today's warming world, and NOAA/NESDIS compiled these...
Preview and download soil data from the USDA.
Feeling ironically lost in a world of maps? These critical resources will help you get your bearings!